Researchers have developed a promising new oral medication that could offer significant advantages over current injectable treatments for type 2 diabetes and obesity. The drug, called compound 15 (ATR-258), works differently from existing medications by targeting specific pathways in muscle cells to improve blood sugar control.
How It Works
The medication activates β2-adrenergic receptors in a selective way, promoting glucose uptake in muscles while avoiding dangerous heart side effects common with traditional β2 receptor drugs. Unlike standard β2 agonists that can cause rapid heart rate and heart damage, this new compound preferentially activates GRK2 pathways that enhance muscle metabolism without the cardiac risks.
Clinical Results
In preclinical studies using diabetic mice and rats, the drug demonstrated several benefits:
- Improved glucose tolerance and blood sugar control
- Reduced body fat while preserving muscle mass
- Better insulin sensitivity
- Enhanced pancreatic function
Importantly, the medication showed superior glucose control compared to current treatments like liraglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy) and empagliflozin, while avoiding the muscle loss often seen with GLP-1 drugs.
Human Testing
A Phase 1 clinical trial involving 73 participants (48 healthy volunteers and 25 people with type 2 diabetes) showed the drug was well-tolerated with minimal side effects. Participants took oral doses daily for up to 28 days without experiencing the heart problems associated with similar medications.
Future Potential
This research represents a significant advancement because it offers an oral alternative to injectable diabetes medications. The drug’s ability to improve glucose control while preserving muscle mass addresses a major limitation of current obesity treatments. The medication is now advancing to Phase 2 trials to evaluate its effectiveness in treating diabetes and obesity.
For seniors managing diabetes, this could eventually provide a more convenient, safer treatment option with better preservation of muscle strength and overall health.